
ResumoObjetivoEstudar a dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média fetal em gestações complicadas pela insuficiência placentária e verificar o seu papel no prognóstico de sobrevida neonatal.MétodosTrata-se de estudo prospectivo de 93 gestantes com diagnóstico de insuficiência placentária estabelecida antes da 34ª semana. A insuficiência placentária foi caracterizada pelo Doppler de artéria umbilical (AU) alterado (> p95). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria umbilical (AU), IP da artéria cerebral média (ACM), relação cerebroplacentária - RCP (IP-ACM/IP-AU), pico de velocidade sistólica da ACM (PVS-ACM) e IP para veias (IPV) do ducto venoso (DV). Os parâmetros foram analisados pelos valores absolutos, em escores zeta (desvios padrão a partir da média) ou múltiplos da mediana (MoM). O desfecho investigado foi o óbito neonatal no período de internação após o nascimento.ResultadosNas 93 gestações analisadas, ocorreram 25 (26,9%) óbitos neonatais. No grupo que evoluiu com óbito neonatal, quando comparado com o grupo com sobrevida, houve associação significativa com o diagnóstico de diástole zero ou reversa (88% vs. 23,6%, p 95th percentile). The following parameters were analyzed: umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI); middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI; brain-placenta ratio – BPR (MCA-PI/UA-PI); MCA peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV); and PI for veins (PIV) of ductus venosus (DV). The parameters were analyzed in terms of absolute values, z-scores (standard deviations from the mean), or multiples of the median (MoM). The outcome investigated was neonatal death during the hospitalization period after birth.ResultsOf the 93 pregnancies analyzed, there were 25 (26.9%) neonatal deaths. The group that died, when compared to the survival group, presented a significant association with the diagnosis of absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (88% vs. 23.6%, p<0.001), with a higher median of UA PI (2.9 vs. 1.7, p<0.001) and UA PI z-score (10.4 vs. 4.9, p<0.001); higher MCA-PSV MoM (1.4 vs. 1.1, p=0.012); lower BPR (0.4 vs. 0.7, p<0.001); higher PIV-DV (1.2 vs. 0.8, p<0.001) and DV z-score (3.6 vs. 0.6, p<0.001). In the logistic regression, the independent variables predictive of neonatal death were: gestational age at birth (OR=0.45; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.7; p<0.001) and UA PI z-score (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.3, p=0.046).ConclusionDespite the association verified by the univariate analysis between neonatal death and the parameters of fetal cerebral Doppler velocimetry, the multivariate analysis identified prematurity and degree of insufficiency of placental circulation as independent factors related to neonatal death in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency.
Ultrassonografia, Doppler, Middle cerebral artery, Umbilical arteries, Cordão umbilical, Artérias umbilicais, Placental insufficiency, Hipóxia fetal, Insuficiência placentária, Artéria cerebral média, Fetal hypoxia, Umbilical cord, Ultrasonography
Ultrassonografia, Doppler, Middle cerebral artery, Umbilical arteries, Cordão umbilical, Artérias umbilicais, Placental insufficiency, Hipóxia fetal, Insuficiência placentária, Artéria cerebral média, Fetal hypoxia, Umbilical cord, Ultrasonography
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