Zoonotic toxocariasis is increasingly prominent as knowledge of its insidious impact on human health accumulates. Toxocara canis dominates research attention, with Toxocara cati relegated to the periphery. We argue that there are few grounds to support this bias, and that differences in life history and epidemiology between T. canis and T. cati could have implications for disease impacts and control. Research on T. cati should be cognisant of its unique characteristics and not extrapolate uncritically from knowledge about T. canis. Key research gaps identified long ago remain largely unfilled. We set challenges for future research to better understand the biology of T. cati and its role in zoonotic disease - essential for guiding urgently needed actions in support of public health.