AbstractAlong with the development of urban construction and industry requirement, more and more long-distance oil and gas pipelines have built and served in China. The leakage of the oil and gas would be happened because of some inner or outer factors during the transportation. If the concentration of the mixture gas composed by oil/gas and air reaches the burning and/or explosion limit, the fire and/or explosion accident resulting in casualties and serious loss of property may be happened once there is a fire source in the surroundings. Therefore, the relevant research on the risk analysis and evaluation to the oil and gas pipeline has been focused on the field of safety engineering in recent years. So it is necessary to carry out the evaluation on the fire risk study to ensure the safety of long-distance oil and gas pipeline. In this paper, the character of the risk of long distance oil and gas pipeline was analysed firstly, and then the fire risk of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline was processed based on Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA). Taking a natural gas pipeline as an example, the influence area (death radius) and individual risk contour line of fire were charted based on the software CASSTQRA, For the natural gas pipeline, the death radius was 148.42m, and the areas circled by the individual risk contour line of 3×10-7 and 1×10-6 were not high density residential areas, public gathering places of high density or high sensitive areas, important targets and special high density places. The fire risk of the natural gas pipeline was acceptable. Finally, the corresponding preventing and controlling suggestions to guarantee the safety of the transportation have been proposed in this paper. The results of the study are practically significant to the risk assessment and safety management of the long distance oil and gas pipeline.