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Procedia Engineering
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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Procedia Engineering
Article . 2014
License: CC BY NC ND
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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FSA Neutralization with Calcium Compounds

Authors: Albustami, Salah F.; Hilakosa, Stephen W.;

FSA Neutralization with Calcium Compounds

Abstract

AbstractAs environmental regulations continue to restrict chemical processing emissions, phosphate plant operators will eventually be required to neutralize fluoride waste materials. Most phosphate plants currently use direct contact barometric condensers with recirculating cooling pond water that is saturated with fluoride salts. Most of this fluoride is allowed to precipitate as the recirculating water cools in large cooling pond systems. When forced to treat fluoride contaminated water, phosphate producers typically use lime or limestone neutralization prior to discharging effluent. A better environmental alternative is to use scrubbers to remove fluorides as fluosilicic acid prior to condensing the vapors in barometric condensers. If a market cannot be found for the fluosilicic acid, it can then be neutralized with phosphate rock to produce a weak phosphoric acid. This technique is not currently used because it is not profitable. This paper discusses Fluosilicic Acid neutralization with several calcium compounds such as phosphate rock, lime and limestone.

Related Organizations
Keywords

neutralization, phosphate rock, limestone., lime, Fluoride, Fluosilicic acid, Engineering(all)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Average
gold