
Abstract In a graph G, suppose S is a subset of vertices which are all colored and the rest of the vertices are not colored. The dynamic coloring of the vertices is defined as, at each discrete time interval, a colored vertex forces exactly one vertex which is not colored to be colored. This process continues to make all the vertices colored. The subset S is called a forcing set of G. The forcing number ζ(G) of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a set S with colored vertices which forces the set V(G) to be colored after some time. If the subset S has an additional property that it induces a subgraph of G whose components are all edges, then S is called a ζP2-forcing set of G. The minimum cardinality of a P2-forcing set of G with a is called the P2-forcing number of G and is denoted by ζP2(G). Analogous to the P2-forcing set, we define set S as a P3-forcing set if all components of S are vertex disjoint paths on 3 vertices. The minimum cardinality of a P3-forcing set is called the P3-forcing number of G and is denoted by ζP3(G). We compute the P2-forcing number and P3-forcing number of the Triangular grid network.
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