Abstract Lately, a cylindrical workpiece of relatively large diameter is often machined by turning operations by a swiveling rotary table in a five-axis machining center. This paper presents a machining test containing features finished by a turning operation by a swiveling rotary table. Unlike conventional machining tests for turning operations described in ISO 13041-6:2009, the present machining test can identify a complete set of position and orientation errors of the axis average line of rotary axes from the geometry of the finished test piece. The radial and axial error motions of the rotary table can be also observed when the swiveling axis is positioned horizontal ( A = 0 ∘ ) and vertical ( A = − 90 ∘ ). Experimental demonstration is presented. The rotary axis geometric errors identified from the finished test piece's geometry are compared with those estimated by a conventional error calibration test using a touch-triggered probe and a precision sphere. The uncertainty analysis for the present machining test is also presented.