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Physics Letters A
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5...
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2025
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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Numerical ranges of Bargmann invariants

Authors: Jianwei Xu;

Numerical ranges of Bargmann invariants

Abstract

Bargmann invariants have recently emerged as powerful tools in quantum information theory, with applications ranging from geometric phase characterization to quantum state distinguishability. Despite their widespread use, a complete characterization of their physically realizable values has remained an outstanding challenge. In this work, we provide a rigorous determination of the numerical range of Bargmann invariants for quantum systems of arbitrary finite dimension. We demonstrate that any permissible value of these invariants can be achieved using either (i) pure states exhibiting circular Gram matrix symmetry or (ii) qubit states alone. These results establish fundamental limits on Bargmann invariants in quantum mechanics and provide a solid mathematical foundation for their diverse applications in quantum information processing.

5 pages, no figure. Comments welcome

Keywords

Quantum Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Mathematical Physics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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