Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Aksaray University I...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Physical Communication
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
versions View all 3 versions
addClaim

Towards energy-efficient modulation: PIM-QSM and EPIM-QSM schemes

Authors: Yasin Celik; Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak; Erdogan Aydin;

Towards energy-efficient modulation: PIM-QSM and EPIM-QSM schemes

Abstract

The sixth-generation (6G) network is anticipated to meet energy efficiency (EE) standards while enabling data transmission speeds much faster than current networks. Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) can effectively meet the requirements of EE. Meanwhile, pulse index modulation (PIM) is another innovative scheme that satisfies the EE demands of communication systems. However, spatial size limitations hinder the ability of QSM to achieve high spectral efficiencies (SEs); similarly, bandwidth constraints restrict the potential of PIM to reach high SEs. This paper introduces two novel techniques that utilize the PIM scheme: pulse index modulation QSM (PIM-QSM) and enhanced PIM-QSM (EPIM-QSM). By combining QSM and PIM schemes, the proposed methods leverage their respective advantages, enabling higher SE (and EE at the same time) without forcing the excessive bandwidth requirements of PIM or the antenna size limitations of QSM. Although the PIM-QSM scheme enhances the SE potential of both methods with a limited number of indices, the EPIM-QSM scheme improves the SE of PIM-QSM by independently selecting transmit antennas for each pulse and I/Q components. Another proposed scheme is the enhanced PIM-SM (EPIM-SM), which is a simpler version of EPIM-QSM in which a single antenna is selected for transmission. The proposed schemes allow for more adaptable allocation of information bits across both waveform and spatial domains, resulting in an improved trade-off between bandwidth and data rate. The EPIM-QSM outperforms all the schemes considered in this study, achieving a BER of 10−3, approximately a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB, and an SE of 14 bpcu.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Spatial Modulation, Hermite-Gaussian Pulse, Multiple-İnput Multiple-Output (MIMO), Pulse İndex Modulation

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!