Examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has probably become the most popular method of early staging of patients who have cutaneous melanoma because SLN are considered to be the lymph nodes most likely to contain metastatic deposits; they can be examined in a more intense manner than in standard lymphadenectomy. There are several protocols to examine SLN but most of them use formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin with the addition of immunohistochemistry. By using these protocols, approximately 20% of patients who have cutaneous melanoma have melanoma cells in the SLN. Current studies are evaluating the possible therapeutic value of removal of positive SLN, but it is accepted by most authors that detection of positive SLN conveys an impaired prognosis for patients who have cutaneous melanoma.