Over the last few decades, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gradually increased. As we know, many prior studies have connected MetS with diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a good marker of morbidity and mortality of vascular disease, as its degree may be associated with the severity of coronary artery calcification and disease. The aim of this article is to investigate the connection between MetS and AAC.This retrospective observational study included 2731 participants aged 58 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2013-2014). We used Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry to define the degree of AAC. We defined MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. A total of 2731 participants with complete data were included for data analysis. In the fully adjusted model, an increase in the severity of AAC with the number of MetS components was still significant with βvalues of AAC Total 24 Score 0.498 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.018,0.978), 1.016 (95% CI: 0.514,1.519) and 1.426 (95% CI: 0.916,1.937) respectively in 2, 3 and ≧ 4 components. Additionally, associations were observed between MetS components, including blood pressure, HDL and glucose with βvalues of AAC Total 24 Score 0.332(95% CI: 0.069, 0.595), 0.652(95% CI: 0.380, 0.925) and 0.534 (95% CI: 0.285, 0.783) after fully adjusted, respectively.The results indicated that, in the US adult population, a greater number of components of MetS were significantly associated with AAC. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, the blood pressure, HDL and blood sugar were observed apparent association with AAC.