Abstract The modification of jets in heavy ion collisions is a central tool to study the properties of QCD matter at high temperature and its interaction with hard probes. Jet production in heavy ion collisions is observed to be suppressed relative to expectations from pp collisions and the measurement of the longitudinal fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb can provide insight into mechanism of the modification of the parton showering by the QCD medium. In proton-nucleus collisions, a large amount of hot QCD matter is not expected to be made and no evidence of jet suppression is observed. However, an excess is observed in the production of high momentum charged particles in p +Pb collisions relative to pp collisions. The p +Pb fragmentation functions can provide insight into the high momentum charged particle excess and into a possible influence of Pb+Pb jet fragmentation by effects due to the nuclear initial state. The ATLAS measurements of charged particle fragmentation functions in pp , p +Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions are presented.