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The co-existence of presynaptic G protein coupled receptors, GPCRs, has received little attention, despite the fact that interplay between the signaling pathways activated by such receptors may affect the neurotransmitter release. Using immunocytochemistry and immuhistochemistry we show that mGlu7 and β-adrenergic receptors are co-expressed in a sub-population of cerebrocortical nerve terminals. mGlu7 receptors readily couple to pathways that inhibit glutamate release. We found that when mGlu7 receptors are also coupled to pathways that enhance glutamate release by prolonged exposure to agonist, and β-adrenergic receptors are also activated, a cross-talk between their signaling pathways occurs that affect the overall release response. This interaction is the result of mGlu7 receptors inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase activated by β adrenergic receptors. Thus, blocking Gi/o proteins with pertussis toxin provokes a further increase in release after receptor co-activation which is also observed after activating β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways downstream of adenylyl cyclase with the cAMP analog Sp8Br or 8pCPT-2-OMe-cAMP (a specific activator of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein directly activated by cAMP, EPAC). Co-activation of mGlu7 and β-adrenergic receptors also enhances PLC-dependent accumulation of IP1 and the translocation of the active zone protein Munc13-1 to the membrane, indicating that release potentiation by these receptors involves the modulation of the release machinery.
Inositol Phosphates, 612.8, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), Synaptophysin, 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Glutamic Acid, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7 receptor), Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Synaptic Transmission, Mice, cAMP, Neurociencias (Biológicas), Cerebellum, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta, Cyclic AMP, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Endings, 636.09, Ionomycin, B-adrenergic receptors, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Calcium Ionophores, 2490 Neurociencias, Glutamate release, Veterinaria, Propionates, Signal Transduction, Synaptosomes
Inositol Phosphates, 612.8, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), Synaptophysin, 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Glutamic Acid, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7 receptor), Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Synaptic Transmission, Mice, cAMP, Neurociencias (Biológicas), Cerebellum, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta, Cyclic AMP, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Endings, 636.09, Ionomycin, B-adrenergic receptors, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Calcium Ionophores, 2490 Neurociencias, Glutamate release, Veterinaria, Propionates, Signal Transduction, Synaptosomes
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 19 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |