How is temperature detected and how is the resulting sensory information synthesized to produce appropriate thermosensory responses? Research in the last few years has gone a long way to answering the first part of this question. Excitingly, recent research has uncovered some of the ways sensory inputs are processed spinally, as well as identifying supra-spinal centers involved in processing responses to thermal stimuli. In this review, we explore the new areas of research that have contributed to our comprehension of the way the peripheral sensory neurons are tuned in addition to the receptors used to differentiate thermal stimuli. We also describe recent work which begins to illuminate the processing of primary sensory signals by the spinal cord and regions of the brain.