Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease that affects domestic chickens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a kind of pattern recognition receptors, help the host to detect invading pathogens. To date, few systematic studies have been reported about the expression changes of TLR in chickens infected with pathogens. In the present study, layer chickens were infected with IBDV and the expression of chicken TLRs (chTLRs) was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression of chTLR1a, 1b, 2a, 3, 4 and 15 was upregulated in the bursa of chickens infected with IBDV compared with noninfected chickens, while chTLR2b, 5, 7 and 21 expression was downregulated. Correlation analysis showed that chTLR3 expressions was directly associated with IBDV VP2 mRNA expression in bursa. These results suggested that different TLRs have different responses to the same viral infection. Some TLRs were activated early on, some later, and some were suppressed. This is the first study to report on the response of all chTLRs to one virus. This provids a valuable overview of the expression pattern of chTLRs when chickens are challenged by pathogens.