Dementia is a progressive disorder that impacts several cognitive functions. However, some aspects of cognitive function are preserved until late in the disease and can therefore be the targets of specific interventions. The rehabilitation of cognitive function disorders represents an expanding area of neurological rehabilitation, and it has recently attracted growing political, social and ethical attention. Here, we review the efficacy of reminiscence therapy to improve cognitive functions and/or mood. Available studies suggest that reminiscence therapy can improve mood and some cognitive abilities. Further studies, based on larger patient samples including placebo and control conditions, should be conducted to identify the optimal conditions for such treatment protocols.