Despite being seen less frequent in orthopedic surgery; vascular complications pose serious problems as there is a potential life-threatening significance. This review article discusses the complications and vascular injuries that can be seen during orthopedic surgical operations. Focal points include knee surgeries, hip arthroplasty and spinal procedures particularly associated with the popliteal artery. A crucial difference includes the categorization of anatomical injuries as spontaneous versus iatrogenic that span various complications such as arteriovenous fistulas, – deep vein thrombosis and pseudoaneurysms. The diversity in prevalence due to demographic differences, notably among trauma patients, emphasizes the requirement for customized preventive strategies. This is detected with diagnostic accuracy guided by computed tomography angiography and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles to ensure timely or accurate identification. Treatment modalities, open and endovascular interventions embrace complications as per their individual nature. This brief investigation underscores the requirement for ongoing vigilance, emerging diagnostic modalities and cooperative approaches all contributing to improved patient outcomes in orthopedic surgery.