Our world is shrinking due to computerized linkages and the mobility of society. Information is shared rapidly around the world. Issues surrounding newborn and infant nursing are global. In efforts to acknowledge the international community, each Newborn and Infant Nursing Review issue will feature a column that highlights care-related issues from a featured country or region of the world. This article focuses on South Africa. Our guest author is Mrs Welma Lubbe, founder and owner of Little Steps, Nursing Education Specialist, Guest lecturer at University of Pretoria, Johannesburg and NorthWest, and author of “Prematurity—Adjusting Your Dream” and Regional Network Contact for the Council of International Neonatal Nurses for South Africa. This month's article focuses on Neonatal Brain Development. This article focuses on brain development within the model of brain development as described by Dr Paul D. MacLean. Three distinctive layers are identified: reptilian brain, limbic brain, and cognitive brain. The reptilian complex does not employ cognitive activity but is responsible for basic survival functions on a reflexive level. The limbic system is the following layer and is responsible for emotional control. The highest level of brain development is that of the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for complex functions, such as reasoning and understanding. Finally, the corpus callosum is responsible for the integration of the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex and contributes to the integrations of reasoning and emotions to result in fully integrated human beings. In this article, we will focus on brain development within the model of brain development as described by Dr Paul D. MacLean, since it is a simple model and fits the purpose of the article.