To describe changes of the retinal peripapillary microvasculature on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic (NAION) neuropathy.Observational study of 10 patients at the acute phase of NAION. OCT-A was performed using a 3mm×3mm square centered on the optic disc (Cirrus HD-OCT with Angioplex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). A qualitative comparison was made with the healthy fellow eye of each patient. All patients had a fluorescein angiography (HRA2, Heidelberg, Germany) and a visual field examination (Octopus 101®, Haag-Streit, USA).In the affected eyes, OCT-A showed clear modifications in the radial peripapillary network. In all these eyes, a focal disappearance of the superficial capillary radial pattern was present, twisted and irregular. In 8 eyes, there was also a lack of vascularization in some focal areas, appearing as dark areas. No correlation was found between the topography of the vascular alteration shown on OCT-A and visual field pattern defects.OCT-A is a new imaging technology able to demonstrate easily and safely the changes in the peripapillary capillary network during the acute phase of NAION. These changes are likely related to a decrease of the prelaminar optic nerve blood flow during the acute phase of NAION. Visual field defects are not correlated with OCT-A images, suggesting that they may be due mainly to disturbances in posterior ciliary artery blood flow.