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https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.i...
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
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Uncovering null effects in null fields: the case of homeopathy

Authors: Edgar Erdfelder; Juliane Nagel; Daniel W. Heck; Nils Petras;

Uncovering null effects in null fields: the case of homeopathy

Abstract

Sigurdson, Sainani, and Ioannidis (Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2023) discussed homeopathy as a prototypical example of a “null field” where true effects are nonexistent and positive effect sizes reflect bias only. Based on a sample of published randomized placebo-controlled trials, they observed a remarkable effect in favor of homeopathy (Hedges’ g = 0.36). The authors concluded that this reflects “the average impact of the bias present in the field”. We argue that the estimated amount of bias largely depends on the meta-analytic measure used to quantify treatment effects. By applying a bias-corrected measure instead, we show that the maximum-likelihood estimate of the true effect reduces to virtually zero when selective publishing of significant results is appropriately taken into account. We conclude that inclusion of bias-corrected measures should become routine practice in meta-analyses. In line with Sigurdson, Sainani, and Ioannidis’ reasoning, we recommend “null fields” as domains to validate such measures.

Country
Germany
Keywords

150, Humans, Quantitative Methods, Homeopathy, Meta-science, Social and Behavioral Sciences

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid