AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIn this in vitro study, the effects of Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) was evaluated on the periodontal ligament‐Mesenchymal Stem Cells (pdl‐MSCs) functions.Material and MethodsReal‐time cell analyzer‐single plate (RTCA‐SP) was employed for proliferation, and RTCA‐dual purpose (DP) was utilized for pdl‐MSCs migration potential treated with different SDF‐1 concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml). Based on the dose‐response findings, 10 ng/ml SDF‐1 was used for further mRNA experiments. RNAs isolated at 6 and 24 h were checked using quantitative RT‐PCR for mineralized tissue‐associated genes including type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). cRNA was synthesized for 6 h, and whole‐genome array analysis was performed for over 47.000 probes. Data were subjected to quantile normalization before analysis.ResultsIncreased proliferation and migration were observed in pdl‐MSCs treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml SDF‐1. Increased COL I was observed at both time points: 6 and 24 h. While there was no significant change for OCN, OPN, and Runx2 at 6 h, SDF‐1 up‐regulated OCN and OPN, but down‐regulated Runx2 mRNA expressions at 24 h. IL‐8 and ESM1 genes were differentially expressed over twofold when the pdl‐MSCs were exposed to SDF‐1 at whole‐genome array analysis. IL‐8 induction was confirmed with RT‐PCR.ConclusionFindings of this study displayed that SDF‐1 modulated pdl‐MSCs which were important for periodontal regeneration, inducing migration and proliferation, and regulating extracellular matrix synthesis in favor of the formation of new attachment.