hildren are not small adults. First, heir disease states are different rom adults, which may necessitate ore imaging examinations. For xample, congenital heart and vasular defects in neonates and inants can require up to 10 cardiac atheterizations, as opposed to 1 inervention required for coronary arery disease in adults [1]. Second, oung children are approximately 3 imes more sensitive to radiation xposure than adults [2]. Pediatric adiation doses associated with each maging study need to be as low as easonably achievable. Infants and children have smaller odies than adults, which necessiates a large dynamic range of raiologic technique factors. A neoate, a 5-year old, and a large adult ave posterior-anterior girths of bout 6 cm, 15 cm, and more than 0 cm [3], respectively, with all ther patients between these values. ssuming a half value layer of tissue f 3 cm, this range of patient sizes pproximates 9 half value layers; at constant kilovolt peak, this reuires a dynamic range of milliamere-seconds of 512 per pulse of raiation for either image recording r pulsed fluoroscopy!