The collectins are soluble C-type lectins and a group of proteins characterized with common structural features: a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain. These proteins are essential components of the innate immune system, pivotal for recognizing and eliminating pathogens to protect against infections. Over recent decades, research has significantly advanced our understanding of collectins. Beyond their fundamental role in host defense, collectins have been emerged as multifunctional proteins involved in modulating inflammatory and immune responses, facilitating the clearance of cellular debris, and even stimulating cell proliferation. These diverse roles are critical for maintaining physiological balance and hold substantial implications in various disease processes, particularly in renal diseases and transplantation. Here, we review the roles of collectins in renal diseases and transplantation focusing on four prominent members of the collectin family: mannose-binding lectin (MBL), surfactant proteins (SP-A and SP-D), and collectin-11 (CL-11). These proteins have gained considerable attention in current research due to their roles in renal diseases and transplantation, shedding light on their impact beyond traditional immune defense mechanisms. Understanding their involvement in these contexts is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic avenues and interventions aimed at mitigating renal pathology and improving outcomes in transplantation settings.