Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic disease of increasing prevalence. Because EoE is a chronic disease, its prevalence will continue to increase. Antigen triggers, including food and aeroallergens, drive eosinophilic and T helper cell type 2 inflammation, resulting in subepithelial fibrosis; this esophageal remodeling is the likely underlying pathogenesis for complications of narrowing, rigidity, and food impactions. Management includes dietary antigen elimination and topical corticosteroids. Long-term therapy and repeated endoscopy are often needed; consideration must be given to maintenance regimens and side effects. This review describes the clinical features, treatment options, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of EoE.