Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules which regulate posttranscriptional events. Many studies have revealed that miRNAs have emerged as disease-suppressive molecules or oncomiRs by targeting disease oncogenes or suppressor genes. Therefore, miRNAs have become a hotspot in many researches. MiR-370 is located within the DLK1/DIO3 imprinting region on human chromosome 14. This region contains one of the largest miRNA clusters in the genome. Many miRNAs in this cluster including miR-370 have been reported to be involved in many diseases. The purpose of this review article is to summarize previous studies which have been published and have shown that miR-370 plays an important role in organ system diseases.