Male factor infertility elucidated about half the couple of infertility and in around 50% of cases, its etiology remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate a predisposing genetic background for Yq deletions and male infertility and effectiveness of molecular genetic approaches have uncovered several etiopathogenetic factors, such as microdeletions of Yq chromosome. The Y chromosome microdeletions removing the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions, which are most common molecular genetic causes of oligospermia or azoospermia. However, with the analysis of Yq deletions, we are able to obtain a better understanding of the clinical significance of genetic anomaly and to the identifying of fertility candidate genes in the AZF regions. Molecular genetic approaches, becomes a routine diagnostic test, that provides an etiology for spermatogenic disturbances, and prognosis for testicular sperm retrieval according to the type of deletion.