Prunus mume, belonging to the Prunus genus, is an Asian tree, and its common names are Chinese plum and Japanese plum. P. mume are cultivated for fruit production as well as ornamental purposes. In this study, we conducted de novo transcriptome assembly for two selected P. mume cultivars referred to as Takada and Wallyoung (commercially important cultivars for fruit production and ornamental trees, respectively) by RNA-sequencing. We obtained 9.14 GB and 9.48 GB sequence data from Takada and Wallyoung (NCBI accession numbers: SRX1187101 and SRX1187169), respectively. De novo transcriptome assembly identified 130,989 and 116,941 transcripts for Takada and Wallyoung, respectively. In addition, we identified 96,681 and 91,429 proteins from Takada and Wallyoung, respectively, by TransDecoder program. We performed BLASTP against the NCBI non-redundant (nr) datasets to annotate identified proteins. This study provides transcriptomes and proteomes for two different P. mume cultivars, which might be useful for comparative transcriptome analyses and assist development of genetic markers.