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Synthesis of bisphosphonate derivatives of ATP by T4 RNA ligase

Authors: Sillero, María A. Günther; de Diego, Anabel; Silles, Eduardo; Pérez-Zúñiga, Francisco; Sillero, Antonio;

Synthesis of bisphosphonate derivatives of ATP by T4 RNA ligase

Abstract

T4 RNA ligase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP β,γ‐bisphosphonate analogues, using the following substrates with the relative velocity rates indicated between brackets: methylenebisphosphonate (pCH2p) (100), clodronate (pCCl2p) (52), and etidronate (pC(OH)(CH3)p) (4). The presence of pyrophosphatase about doubled the rate of these syntheses. Pamidronate (pC(OH)(CH2–CH2–NH2)p), and alendronate (pC(OH)(CH2–CH2–CH2–NH2)p) were not substrates of the reaction. Clodronate displaced the AMP moiety of the complex E‐AMP in a concentration dependent manner. The K m values and the rate of synthesis (k cat) determined for the bisphosphonates as substrates of the reaction were, respectively: methylenebisphosphonate, 0.26 ± 0.05 mM (0.28 ± 0.05 s−1); clodronate, 0.54 ± 0.14 mM (0.29 ± 0.05 s−1); and etidronate, 4.3 ± 0.5 mM (0.028 ± 0.013 s−1). In the presence of GTP, and ATP or AppCCl2p the relative rate of synthesis of adenosine 5′,5‴‐P1,P4‐tetraphosphoguanosine (Ap4G) was around 100% and 33%, respectively; the methylenebisphosphonate derivative of ATP (AppCH2p) was a very poor substrate for the synthesis of Ap4G. To our knowledge this report describes, for the first time, the synthesis of ATP β,γ‐bisphosphonate analogues by an enzyme different to the classically considered aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases.

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Keywords

Diphosphonates, Methylenebisphosphonate, RNA Ligase (ATP), Etidronic Acid, Bisphosphonates, Adenosine Monophosphate, Substrate Specificity, Ligases, Adenosine Triphosphate, Clodronate, Osteoporosis, Etidronate, Dinucleoside polyphosphates, Clodronic Acid, Pyrophosphatases

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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