
Abstract Solid asymmetric electrochemical capacitors (EC) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–heteropoly acid (HPA) electrolytes and RuO 2 –graphite electrodes were developed. The devices were about 0.2 mm thick and had a working voltage window of 0–1.5 V, 50% wider than that of any proton-conducting symmetric EC. Pseudocapacitance from HPA contributes to the total capacitance of the asymmetric EC within a certain potential window. The PVA–HPA polymers have been proven to function both as electrolyte and as pseudocapacitive electrode material in EC cells.
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