Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UEF eRepository (Uni...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
UEF eRepository
Article . 2020
Data sources: UEF eRepository
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Research.fi
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Research.fi
versions View all 4 versions
addClaim

Raman imaging of amorphous-amorphous phase separation in small molecule co-amorphous systems

Authors: Kilpeläinen, Tuomas; Pajula, Katja; Ervasti, Tuomas; Uurasjärvi, Emilia; Koistinen, Arto; Korhonen, Ossi;

Raman imaging of amorphous-amorphous phase separation in small molecule co-amorphous systems

Abstract

Many new active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) undergoing development have low permeabilities or low aqueous solubilities. However, the amorphous state is usually more soluble than its crystalline counterpart. The amorphous state has a higher Gibb's free energy, which can improve the apparent solubility but decrease the stability since the amorphous state tends to transform to the more stable crystalline form. Before recrystallization, a co-amorphous binary mixture's ingredients have to undergo a phase separation. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the amorphous-amorphous phase separation in co-amorphous binary mixtures and test the suitability of imaging Raman spectroscopy for detecting this phenomenon. To study the phase separation, we prepared three different 50:50 mass ratio binary mixtures of APIs: paracetamol-terfenadine, (PAR-TRF), paracetamol-indomethacin (PAR-IMC) and terfenadine-indomethacin (TRF-IMC). The binary mixtures were amorphized with melt-quenching and stored above their glass transition temperature (Tg) to monitor their phase separation. Thermal degradation was determined with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to ensure that melt-quenching did not cause any thermal degradation of the molecules. Thermodynamic attributes (crystallization tendency, melting point (Tm) and Tg) were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure that the co-amorphous systems transformed to the amorphous state and remained amorphous after cooling and reheating. Phase separation was studied from the surface and cross-section (CS) with Raman imaging to examine if it occurred more on the surface than in the bulk. The Raman spectra were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and Contour plots were produced from the PCA-score values to visualize concentration differences in the mixtures. The results showed that API vs API concentrations increased as a function of time in both surface and CS images before crystallization. This suggests that Raman imaging is a suitable technique to detect the phase separation phenomena in small molecule co-amorphous binary mixtures.

Country
Finland
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pharmaceutical Preparations, amorphous, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Raman imaging, pharmaceutical, phase separation, pharmaceuticals, Spectrum Analysis, Raman

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    19
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green