The following guidelines apply to infants in perinatal transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life as well as those that have concluded perinatal transition but require resuscitation during the early weeks to months of life. The goal of this article is to outline the most recent consensus guidelines for neonatal resuscitation and to summarize the level of evidence for the steps that constitute these guidelines. Nearly 1 in 10 newborns need some basic resuscitative measures to aid breathing at birth, but fewer than 1 in 100 require major resuscitations. Practitioners can rapidly assess the need for neonatal resuscitation by observing 3 vital characteristics of the birth: