Recent historical research has shown that the large complex of research conducted by Aleksandr Luria on aphasia in brain-damaged soldiers during the Second World War was already started at the end of the 1920s, under the theoretical influence of Lev Vygotsky and the results of his clinical studies. The first written document of Luria's interest in neuropsychological investigation is the abstract of a conference held on November 27, 1932, a text published in Russian in 1933 and never reprinted, and here translated for the first time into a Western language.