Abstract This study aims to evaluate the performance of magnesium phosphate cement and emulsified asphalt combination (MPC–EA) on the scale of paste, mortar and concrete, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the emulsified asphalt was more efficient in extending the setting time (from 10 to 90 min) than traditional retarders (borax and fly ash). Meanwhile, fluidity, toughness, bonding strength and permeability of the MPC–EA composite were enhanced. A reduction of compressive strength, flexural strength and abrasion resistance could be observed due to the released water from emulsified asphalt, indicating the need of seeking additives for offsetting its adverse effect.