
pmid: 41161226
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide due to their complex arterial obstructions and impaired blood flow, and conventional drug delivery approaches often suffer from low targeting efficiency and undesirable side effects. Now a days, nanomedicine and nano-drug delivery systems represent rapidly evolving frontiers in medical science, employing nanoparticles such as gold Au, iron oxide Fe3O4, graphene oxide GO, etc. as therapeutic agents to achieve precise and controlled drug targeting. The present study investigates the hemodynamic characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous diseased bifurcated artery featuring a bell-shaped stenosis and an aneurysm in the parent arterial segment, along with an overlapping stenosis in the daughter artery. This model comprises the simultaneous impact of gyrotactic microorganism, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, Hall effect, thermal radiation, higher order chemical reaction, and body acceleration to analyze the various aspects of present hemodynamic model in the physical sense.The governing non-dimensionalized, nonlinear partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are transformed in the radial coordinate to regularize the irregular arterial boundaries. The resulting system of equations is then solved numerically using the forward time-centered space (FTCS) finite difference technique, which offers an efficient and robust framework for handling complex flow geometries and evaluation of flow variables.In view of the real-life applications of the present model, the authors have analyzed the impact of various emerging parameters such as radiation parameter, Jeffery fluid parameter, Hall parameter, magnetic number, etc. on the various flow variables like wall shear stress, flow rate, impedance, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, microorganisms, concentration, temperature and velocity. The results of the present model indicate that the velocity increases by 27.24% and 25.24% on increasing Jeffery fluid parameter for parent and daughter artery respectively. Moreover, the temperature of the fluid with increased Hall parameter values falls by 6.63% and 4.07% for parent and daughter artery, respectively. Through the present model, it was found that the entropy generation number rises with increasing radiation parameter and magnetic number in both parent and daughter arteries.The outcomes of the present research can be utilized for the therapeutic possibilities of drug delivery management through complex diseased arterial networks. The findings of the present study can be beneficial in extraction of blood clot, brain aneurysms, and magnetic targeted drug delivery.
Drug Delivery Systems, Hemodynamics, Models, Cardiovascular, Hydrodynamics, Humans, Nanoparticles, Arteries, Atherosclerosis
Drug Delivery Systems, Hemodynamics, Models, Cardiovascular, Hydrodynamics, Humans, Nanoparticles, Arteries, Atherosclerosis
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