A number of chronic diseases are associated with pronounced loss of fat and muscle mass (cachexia). The negative correlation between cachexia and survival probability, implies that prevention and treatment of this condition is essential. The mechanisms promoting cachexia are yet to be determined although several theories have been proposed. Most studies on cachexia have concentrated on muscle wasting and its possible impact on complications and survival. In this review, we present a synopsis of previous and recent studies focusing on the loss of adipose tissue. It appears that increased adipocyte lipolysis is an important factor in the cachexic process.