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Preventing Allograft Rejection by Targeting Immune Metabolism

Authors: Chen-Fang Lee; Ying-Chun Lo; Chih-Hsien Cheng; Georg J. Furtmüller; Byoungchol Oh; Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira; Ajit G. Thomas; +5 Authors

Preventing Allograft Rejection by Targeting Immune Metabolism

Abstract

Upon antigen recognition and co-stimulation, T lymphocytes upregulate the metabolic machinery necessary to proliferate and sustain effector function. This metabolic reprogramming in T cells regulates T cell activation and differentiation but is not just a consequence of antigen recognition. Although such metabolic reprogramming promotes the differentiation and function of T effector cells, the differentiation of regulatory T cells employs different metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of glycolysis and glutamine metabolism might prevent graft rejection by inhibiting effector generation and function and promoting regulatory T cell generation. We devised an anti-rejection regimen involving the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), the anti-type II diabetes drug metformin, and the inhibitor of glutamine metabolism 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). Using this triple-drug regimen, we were able to prevent or delay graft rejection in fully mismatched skin and heart allograft transplantation models.

Keywords

Graft Rejection, Mice, Inbred BALB C, QH301-705.5, Glutamine, Diazooxonorleucine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mice, Transgenic, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Deoxyglucose, Allografts, Flow Cytometry, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Metformin, Mice, Animals, Heart Transplantation, Biology (General), Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Cells, Cultured

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    selected citations
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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    160
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 1%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 1%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
160
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
gold