Medical and nursing care of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipient are complex because of the pathophysiology, HSCT process, pre-HSCT conditioning regimens, numerous medications and therapies, acute and chronic complications, adverse effects, resources involved, and environmental considerations. The HSCT process and therapies may affect any body system, requiring proficient and prioritized nursing care, possibly in an intensive care setting. Understanding the timing of potential adverse effects and complications based on engraftment will help provide competent, high-acuity care. Although autogenic and allogeneic HSCT are curative treatment options, there are numerous morbidity and/or mortality risks throughout the HSCT journey.