This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the prevalence and the etiological factors of cerebral palsy (CP) and comparing them with normal population within the rural and urban areas of Duzce province. Of the 102 children with cerebral palsy, 98 were associated with antenatal and delivery risk factors. The mean crude prevalence of cerebral palsy was 1.1 per 1000 live births. The children with CP were compared with 530 control subjects. The mothers of the children with cerebral palsy were significantly younger than the mothers of children in control group, and they had less parity and abortion. Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, home births, prolonged labor, and twin pregnancies were significantly more common in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy, where no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of breech delivery, rate of cesarean births, gestational diabetes, and hemorrhage in late pregnancy. Birth asphyxia, liqueur with meconium stained, prolonged jaundice and neonatal seizure were also significantly more common in the group with cerebral palsy. Of the children with cerebral palsy, 78% were born at term, 20% were born with gestational ages of 32-36 weeks, 2% were born with gestational ages of 30-31 weeks. Nine percent of those children had a birth weight of >or= 3000 g, 12.2% had a birth weight of 2500-2999 g, 33.7% had a birth weight of 1500-2499 g, and 5.1% had a birth weight of