Hypodontia is the term most commonly applied to the condition in which teeth congenitally fail to develop. Such cases differ from teeth that have been lost early or that have failed to erupt, although their initial presentation may be similar and therefore not recognised. The range of missing teeth and their physical and psychological results is large, and the difference in complexity in the management of a patient with isolated hypodontia compared with one with oligodontia or anodontia together with skeletal and orthognathic discrepancies should not be underestimated. Surgical interventions primarily involve augmentation of bone before placement of an implant, but may include techniques such as distraction osteogenesis and orthognathic surgery. These patients are best managed by a multidisciplinary team, and in this review our aim has been to describe the role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons within it.