survival. Larger retrospective studies should parse out relapse risk in specific cytogenetic subgroups, to offer more guidance to the practicing clinician. Our hope is that this and other retrospective studies of MRD monitoring leads to an assessment of the prognostic impact of MRD in well-defined molecular and cytogenetic subsets of AML. More importantly, whether the presence of MRD should influence clinical decision making needs to be investigated as a part of welldesigned prospective, randomized clinical trials.