Performance of adaptive control policies is assessed through the regret with respect to the optimal regulator, which reflects the increase in the operating cost due to uncertainty about the dynamics parameters. However, available results in the literature do not provide a quantitative characterization of the effect of the unknown parameters on the regret. Further, there are problems regarding the efficient implementation of some of the existing adaptive policies. Finally, results regarding the accuracy with which the system's parameters are identified are scarce and rather incomplete. This study aims to comprehensively address these three issues. First, by introducing a novel decomposition of adaptive policies, we establish a sharp expression for the regret of an arbitrary policy in terms of the deviations from the optimal regulator. Second, we show that adaptive policies based on slight modifications of the Certainty Equivalence scheme are efficient. Specifically, we establish a regret of (nearly) square-root rate for two families of randomized adaptive policies. The presented regret bounds are obtained by using anti-concentration results on the random matrices employed for randomizing the estimates of the unknown parameters. Moreover, we study the minimal additional information on dynamics matrices that using them the regret will become of logarithmic order. Finally, the rates at which the unknown parameters of the system are being identified are presented.