Mortality analysis and modeling remains one of the core jobs of demographers, epidemiologists, actuaries, biostatisticians, and other population- studies experts. In this chapter we make a detailed overview of the latest developments in demographic measures and mortality modeling. We emphasize the work on measures of longevity which are of particular interest for aging populations, but we also highlight models that work with mortality at earlier ages. Trends over time, patterns over age and convergence/divergence between measures are all covered in the text. A particular important contribution of this chapter is including estimation tools for some of the most important mortality models.