This chapter provides a critical update on developments in the chemistry of 1,2,4-triazoles over the last decade. 1,2,4-Triazoles have remained the topic of much research, primarily due to their ubiquitous presence in many pharmaceutical agents and, more recently, in other functional materials with uses in engineering as corrosion inhibitors and in high-end technologies with conducting and optical properties. Theoretical, computational studies and experimental, spectroscopic studies into the fundamental properties of 1,2,4-triazoles have explored the parent and substitued ring system, and also high-energy compounds such as 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA). Developments in the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles have focused primarily on one-pot methodologies and upon the preparation of diverse compound libraries using polymer-supported combinatorial paradigms, mostly by adapting many of the now traditional routes to 1,2,4-triazole synthesis outlined in CHEC(1984) and CHEC-II(1996) but also encomapassing novel methods. Further exploration of the reactivity of the substituted ring system has included metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between 1,2,4-triazoles and other aromatic systems, radical alkylation, addition of perfluorinated ponytails, and asymmetric synthesis of aminoacids. Overall, reseach in this area of heterocyclic chemistry has remained vibrant and will continue to be thus.