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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
Part of book or chapter of book . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
Part of book or chapter of book . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Background Radiation

Authors: M.I. Ojovan; W.E. Lee;

Background Radiation

Abstract

Dose units are introduced including absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose. Background radiation is considered, including natural and man-made components. Biological consequences of irradiation are considered, including those from high doses (deterministic effects) and those from low doses based on the deliberately conservative linear, no threshold exposure/dose response approach. The cancer fatality risk equation is defined and risks associated with different activities are given. Levels of background radiation for different countries are given. Annual effective natural background radiation doses are specified, including contributions from both natural and man-made sources.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research
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