Swallowing is one of the primary functions that enable humans to sustain life. Likewise, it is an important element of healthy life and contributes to quality of life and well-being. When the ability to swallow is lost or impaired, the risk of disability or even death is greatly increased. Rehabilitation potential is diminished and the process is prolonged in the presence of dysphagia. This present chapter describes the anatomical and neurophysiological components of healthy adult swallowing and presbyphagia and the major consequences that swallowing disorders (dysphagia) may have if left untreated. The main neurogenic conditions and diseases leading to dysphagia are also introduced, as well as the major diagnostic and interventional approaches used by swallowing specialists to help patients with dysphagia. The role of the multidisciplinary team is emphasized and screening questions and guidelines are provided to help the neurologist and other professionals provide dysphagic patients with the best swallowing care.