Epoetin is the primary and physiological regulator of erythropoiesis, i.e. the production of red blood cells. It is a glycoprotein produced predominantly in the fetal liver and the adult kidney, circulates into the adult bone marrow, and binds to its dimerizing receptor on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells to promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Other non-hematopoietic roles of neuroprotection, cardioprotection, renoprotection, and wound healing process have been reported.