Many neurological and psychiatric conditions either are genetic or have genetic factors that contribute to the condition. As a result, a diagnosis can have implications not only for the affected individual but also for family members whose risk may consequently be increased. Genetic counseling can be of benefit to patients during the work-up and after a diagnosis has been made and particularly with decision-making about genetic testing. This chapter provides an overview of the components of genetic counseling and approach to patient care. Factors to consider in risk assessment and ordering genetic testing are described. Resources for identifying genetic service providers, genetic testing laboratories and links to information about genetic conditions, patterns of inheritance and supportive resources for patients are provided.