D URING the past century, the treatment of colorectal cancer has consisted of adequate surgical excision; no other treatment modality has been as effective.’ Historically, a wide variety of surgical procedures was carried out with removal of the cancerous segment and the formation of a stoma. The introduction of antibiotics in the post World War II era, a better understanding of fluids and electrolytes, and improved nutritional support and anesthetics have influenced treatment patterns for the patient with colorectal cancer. Major advances in medical science and improved surgical techniques, such as stapling devices and colonoscopy, have increased the options available to the surgeon, reducing the incidence of ostomy surgery. This article will discuss current treatment modalities for colorectal cancer including patient preparation, surgical management, and adjuvant therapy. sary; therefore, the surgeon is obligated to prepare the patient and family for a possible change in plans. Surgical options range from wide resections with bowel re-anastomosis to wide resections with permanent colostomy. The location and extent of the cancer will dictate the necessity for permanent colostomy. The potential complications are also reviewed with patients and families. The patient and family will benefit from early services of the enterostomal therapy (ET) nurse, who reviews the information patients have received and if an ostomy is necessary, coordinates the preoperative and postoperative management of the patient. A collaborative approach to the surgical, medical, and nursing management of the patient with colorectal cancer enhances the level of rehabilitation, reduces the possibility of patient concerns, and increases the communications and planning for holistic care.