Abstract 1. 1. Pregnancy tends to precipitate symptoms of back pain in orthopedic disease of the spine and may be a factor in the production of spondylolisthesis in the female. 2. 2. Pregnancy may be a factor in precipitating re-exploration of the spine in those already fused. 3. 3. Patients who have had an orthopedic problem with their spine, particularly if they have had a fusion, require special management during pregnancy. 4. 4. Prolonged labor is more common in patients with spondylolisthesis than in the general population and a higher incidence of operative delivery may be expected.