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Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
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Article . 2024
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Weak Double Roman Domination

Weak double Roman domination
Authors: Soltani, S.; Ahangar, H. Abdollahzadeh; Chellali, M.; Rahbani, H.; Sheikholeslami, S. M.;

Weak Double Roman Domination

Abstract

The authors introduce a new variant of domination in graphs called weak double Roman domination (WDRD), which generalizes the well-studied concept of double Roman domination (DRD) by relaxing certain constraints. Given a graph \( G = (V, E) \), a WDRD-function is a labeling \( f: V \to \{0,1,2,3\} \) that satisfies the following condition: every vertex \( v \) with \( f(v) \leq 1 \) must have a moving neighbor \( u \), meaning a vertex with \( f(u) \geq 2 \), such that if we transfer one unit from \( u \) to \( v \), the new function \( g \), defined as \(g(v) = f(v) + 1, \quad g(u) = f(u) - 1, \quad g(x) = f(x) \text{ for all } x \in V \setminus \{u, v\}\), ensures that no vertex is doubly unprotected. A vertex \( v \) is called doubly unprotected with respect to \( f \) if the total sum of function values in its closed neighborhood is at most 1, i.e., \( f(N[v]) = \sum_{x \in N[v]} f(x) \leq 1.\) This means that \( v \) itself and all its neighbors together have at most one unit of defense, making it particularly vulnerable. The weak double Roman domination number \( \gamma_{\mathrm{wdR}}(G) \) is the minimum possible weight of a WDRD-function, where the weight of \( f \) is given by \( \sum_{v \in V} f(v).\) The study establishes upper and lower bounds for the weak double Roman domination number \( \gamma_{\mathrm{wdR}}(G) \), showing its relation to other domination parameters, such as double Roman domination and weak Roman domination. The paper also provides exact values for paths, cycles, and ladders and proves that the decision problem associated with WDRD is NP-complete, even for bipartite and chordal graphs.

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Keywords

Vertex subsets with special properties (dominating sets, independent sets, cliques, etc.), double Roman domination, weak Roman domination, weak double Roman domination, weak double Roman domination number

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
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