The tear film is a complex mixture of molecules such as lipids, mucins and water, whose function is to protect the eye from external factors such as environmental stimuli, traumas and infections. It is secreted by specific structures, but also, in part, derives from the blood stream. Substances taken with food can directly or indirectly influence tear film composition so inducing changes of the ocular surface. When the tear film is altered a condition known as dry eye may develop. Diet derived substances can be of help in the treatment of this condition. Among these substances essential fatty acids, of the omega-6 and 3 series, can play a role in the control of inflammation and in promoting the recovery of the ocular surface structures. Also some aminoacid implementation, with molecules that participate to collage composition, may participate in the recovery of the ocular surface structures undergoing the inflammatory stress.